The aim of the present research is to develop and validate an Arabic version of the 1983 edition (Form Y) of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg and Jacobs, 1983). The original English form of the STAI was carefully translated into Arabic by the present writer and thoroughly revised by four Egyptian psychologists. Then, the preliminary Arabic form was back translated into English by an Arab professor of English to check on the adequacy of the translation. A number of cycles of translation and back translation were carried out for specific items. Pretest brought favourable results. Cross-language equivalence of the original and target languages of the STAI was run by the help of bilingual Ss. Coefficients of equivalence were 0.805 and 0.855 for the Anxiety State scale and 0.781 and 0.846 for the Anxiety Trait for males (N = 19) and females (N = 52) respectively, which were considered acceptable. One week test-retest reliability was 0.57 and 0.47 for Anxiety State and 0.78 and 0.82 for Anxiety Trait for males and females respectively. Internal consistency coefficients were 0.91 and 0.94 for Anxiety State, and 0.77 and 0.91 for Anxiety Trait for males and females successively. The validity of the Arabic STAI was adequately demonstrated in five different experiments. Specific expected relationships between the STAI and EPQ were found. Egyptian norms for 13 subgroups (total N = 1443) were determined. By and large, the results of the present investigation provide impressive evidence of utility of the Arabic STAI in assessing state and trait anxiety levels in the Egyptian context.

Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (1989). "The development and validation of an Arabic form of the STAI: Egyptian results." Personality and Individual Differences 10(3): 277-285.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(89)90100-1