The nature and extent of the influence of culture on psychopathology have long been studied, with a central emphasis on whether abnormal behavior is etic (universalized) or emic (cultural based). This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties (factorial structure, inter-correlations, reliability, and criterion validity) of an Arabic translation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 across three Arabic-speaking countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, and Qatar; N = 710). The results of first-order 25-factor CFAs indicated generally acceptable to good fit for the Arabic version of the PID-5. In addition, the results of higher-order five factors CFAs (using the five domains) indicated a generally acceptable fit. Furthermore, the 25 facets of the PID-5 had moderate to high reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. Finally, the five domains of the PID-5 had strong inter-correlations and expected associations with the FFM model of personality. Therefore, this study replicated the adequate psychometric properties of the PID-5 in Arabic-speaking Middle Eastern countries.

Al-Attiyah, A.A., et al., The psychometric properties of an Arabic version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) across three Arabic-speaking Middle Eastern countries. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 2017. 10(2): p. 197-205.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17542863.2017.1290125