The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS-A) among Arab patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) using a descriptive cross-sectional design. Participants' DDS-A total scores significantly correlated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.288, p = 0.000) as well as two subscales, emotional burden (r = 0.276, p = 0.000) and regimen distress (r = 0.265, p = 0.000). Participants' DDS-A scores had significant negative correlations with income, DM self-management, and knowledge (r = −0.184, p = 0.008; r = −0.310, p = 0.000; r = −0.174, p = 0.003, respectively) and a positive correlation with HbA1c level (r = 0.153, p = 0.018). Factor analysis revealed a four-factor solution that retained all items and explained a variance of 65.59%. Cronbach's alpha was 0.822 for the total scale and 0.778 to 0.881 for the subscales, indicating a high internal consistency. The DDS-A was found to be a psychometrically sound measure to evaluate DM-related distress among Arab patients. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55(9), 43–51.]

Darawad, M. W., et al. (2017). "Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Diabetes Distress Scale." Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services 55(9): 43-51.

https://www.healio.com/psychiatry/journals/jpn/2017-9-55-9/%7B1bb76594-b007-4696-a890-e5c86bdd8baf%7D/evaluating-the-psychometric-properties-of-the-arabic-version-of-the-diabetes-distress-scale