Background: As an optimal psychological state, flow represents those moments when everything comes together for the performer. Flow is often associated with high levels of performance and is a positive psychological experience. Aim: Our study aimed to validate the "Academic Flow Scale" (Flow 4D 16) in Arabic language across Tunisian population, and to test its factor structure, in terms of internal consistency/reliability, predictive validity, and sensitivity. Methods: The population is composed of 320 students (139 men and 181 women) belonging to the University of Sfax, with a mean age of 22.26 years. The students voluntarily responded to the scale of academic flow (Flow 4D 16). Both exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses were performed. Results: The four-dimensional alpha coefficients of the Flow 4D 16 indicate an excellent internal consistency, respectively, of 0.902 (Cognitive), 0.959 (Time), 0.974 (Ego) and 0.960 (Well-being). The CFA fit indices were satisfactory. Conclusion: In summary, the 16-items model (original version) showed for all the indices an excellent fit to the theoretical model, confirming the four-dimensional factor structure among Tunisian student population.

Chalghaf N, Azaiez C, Krakdiya H, Guelmami N, Re TS, Maldonado Briegas JJ, et al. Trans-Cultural Validation of the "Academic Flow Scale" (Flow 4D 16) in Arabic Language: Insights for Occupational and Educational Psychology From an Exploratory Study. Front Psychol. 2019;10:2330.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6803467/