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Acronym
CL-FODS

Description
The Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale (CL-FODS) is used in assessing attitudes toward death and the process of dying for both oneself and others. It is organised into four separate subscales: Fear of Death of Self, Fear of Dying of Self, Fear of Death of Others, and Fear of Dying of Others. The first version of the CL-FODS (Collett & Lester, 1969) contained 36 items, with a different number of items for each of the subscales (9, 10, 6, and 11 items, respectively). Later, Lester (1990, 1994) presented a revised version in which all the subscales had 8 items. In a more recent study, Lester and Abdel-Khalek (2003) have undertaken a correction of the scale by eliminating a clearly deviate item on the ‘‘Death of Others’’ subscale that reduced the reliability of the scale. They also eliminated an item with a lower item-total correlation on each of the other three subscales in order for all of them to have 7 items each.

Area of assessment
Beliefs, Mental health, anxiety.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Other

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 2004 Female Undergraduates Kuwait
 209

Acronym
OQ-45

Description
The OQ®-45.2 is a self-report Outcome Measure designed for repeated measurement of client progress while in therapy and following termination. The OQ®-45.2 measures three subscales: 1. Symptom Distress (depression and anxiety) 2 Interpersonal Relationships (loneliness, conflict with others and marriage and family difficulties) 3 Social Role (difficulties in the workplace, school or home duties Features of OQ-45: Risk assessment: The OQ®-45.2 contains risk assessment items for suicide potential, substance abuse, and potential violence at work. Standardized data: The OQ®-45.2 is a standardized instrument with empirical support. It is based on normative data. Content that assesses functional level and change over time: The OQ®-45.2 measures functioning in 3 domains: Symptom distress (heavily loaded for depression and anxiety), Interpersonal functioning, and Social Role. It enables the clinician to assess functional level and change over time.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Depresssion, Function/disability/performance, Mental health, Social.

Condition
Health, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Gross, R. 2015 18 - older Both non patient university student, university mental health clinic patients , and outpatient mental health clinic patients Israel
 69

Acronym
PSS

Description
A measure of the degree to which situations in one’s life are appraised as stressful. Items explore how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives. Designed for use in community samples with at least a junior high school education.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Mental health.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Chaaya, M. 2010 Female women in their third trimester of pregnancy, postpartum period and healthy female university students. Qatar
 268
Ben Loubir, D 2014 18 - older Both university students Morocco
 1099
Roof, K. A. 2019 19 - 46 Female pregnant women Qatar
 667

Acronym
ASDA

Description
Assessment of death anxiety or fear of death.

Area of assessment
anxiety.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 2004 17 - 33 Female healthy Egypt
Kuwait
Syrian Arab Republic
 1636

Acronym
CBCL

Description
The CBCL is a standardized form that parents fill out to describe their children’s behavioral and emotional problems.. CBCL/2 to 3 syndromes are designated in six areas: anxious/depressed, withdrawn, sleep problems, somatic problems, aggressive behavior, and destructive behavior

Area of assessment
Behavior, Mental health, anxiety, Depresssion, Sleep/insomnia.

Condition
Pediatric.

Age Group
Child/adolescent- 0-19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Yunis, F 2007 3 Both healthy United Arab Emirates
 694 Contact Author

Acronym
Not available

Description
An overall measure of neuroticism found to have two interpretable factors: General neuroticism and Sleep problems and tension.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Depresssion, Mental health, Sleep/insomnia.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Other

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 2009 Both school and university students 2783

Acronym
GAD - 7

Description
A screening tool and severity measure for generalised anxiety disorder. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire is a seven-item, self-report anxiety questionnaire designed to assess the patient’s health status during the previous 2 weeks. The items enquire about the degree to which the patient has been bothered by feeling nervous, anxious or on edge, not being able to stop or control worrying, worrying too much about different things, having trouble relaxing, being so restless that it is hard to sit still, becoming easily annoyed or irritable and feeling afraid as if something might happen.

Area of assessment
anxiety.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Sawaya, H. 2016 Both psychiatric outpatient Lebanon

Acronym
GAS

Description
A 30-item self-report questionnaire that evaluates anxiety among older adults with 3 subscales; somatic, cognitive , affective.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Mental health.

Condition
Geriatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Hallit, S. 2017 18 and more Both Three nursing homes Lebanon
 428 Free

Acronym
HADS

Description
A tool used to detect the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. The HADS is a fourteen item scale that generates ordinal data. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. Zigmond and Snaith created this outcome measure specifically to avoid reliance on aspects of these conditions that are also common somatic symptoms of illness, for example fatigue and insomnia or hypersomnia. This, it was hoped, would create a tool for the detection of anxiety and depression in people with physical health problems.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Depresssion, Mental health.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Al-Gamal, E. 2017 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Jordan
 67
Terkawi, A. S. 2017 Both in-patients Saudi Arabia
 110 Free
El-Rufaie,O. E. 1987 Both patients Saudi Arabia
 50 Contact Author
Al Aseri ZA 2015 16 - 30 Both A&E patients Saudi Arabia
 257

Acronym
SCOFF

Description
A screening instrument for detecting eating disorders.Five questions address core features of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa,

Area of assessment
anxiety, Behavior, Beliefs, Cognitive function, Mental health, Nutrition, Perception, Screening/risk.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Other

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Aoun, A. 2015 15 - 55 Female patients visiting primary care clinic Lebanon
 123

Acronym
SCARED

Description
A brief self-report scale which screens for anxiety in children and adolescents aged 9–18 and specifically assesses five main anxiety disorders: (1) Panic Disorder or Significant Somatic Symptoms, (2) Generalized Anxiety Disorder, (3) Separation Anxiety Disorder, (4) Social Anxiety Disorder and (5) Significant School Avoidance. It comes in two versions; one asks questions to parents about their child and the other asks these same questions to the child directly (SCARED-P and SCARED-C).

Area of assessment
anxiety, Screening/risk, Mental health.

Condition
Pediatric, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Child/adolescent- 0-19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Hariz, N. 2013 14.0 Both 77 parents and 67 children attending a Psychiatry clinic Lebanon
 144

Acronym
STAI

Description
A psychological inventory based on a 4-point Likert scale and consists of 40 questions on a self-report basis. The STAI measures two types of anxiety - state anxiety, or anxiety about an event, and trait anxiety, or anxiety level as a personal characteristic.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Mental health.

Condition
Health, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 1989 Both healthy Egypt
 71
Bahammam, M. A. 2016 18 - 70 Both adult patients who were attending the dental clinics Saudi Arabia
 387
Hallit, S 2019 mean age 28.08 ± 16.79 years Both patients Lebanon
 155

Acronym
CBCL / 6-18

Description
Assesses the domains of : Grief/Loss, Anxiety/Mood (Internalizing Symptoms). It is to be completed by the parent/caretaker who spends the most time with the child. The CBCL/6-18 provides ratings for 20 competence and 120 problem items paralleling the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Teacher’s Report Form (TRF). The CBCL/6-18 includes open-ended items covering physical problems, concerns, and strengths. Parents rate how true each item is now, or was within the past 6 months, using the same 3- point scale utilized on the YSR and TRF. The CBCL/6-18 yields scores on internalizing, externalizing, and total problems as well as scores on DSM-IV related scales.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Mental health.

Condition
Pediatric, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Child/adolescent- 0-19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Al-Hendawi, M 2016 6 - 12 Both elementary school children Qatar
 1360

Acronym
PHQ

Description
A tool for screening,monitoring and measuring severity of depressive symptoms. Incorporates DSM-IV diagnostic criteria.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Depresssion, Mental health.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Other

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Sawaya, H. 2016 Both psychiatric outpatients Lebanon
AlHadi, A, N. 2017 21.30+/- 1.46 Both healthy Saudi Arabia
 731
Summaka, M 2019 patients Lebanon
 51 Not available
Al-Amer, R. 2020 13 - 18 Not available Jordan
 591
Al-Amer, Rasmieh 2020 13 - 18 Both Student Jordan
 591

Acronym
PHQ-4

Description
The 'Patient Health Questionnaire-4' (PHQ-4) is a 4 item measurement of depression and anxiety. Its items are drawn from the first two items of the 'Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 scale' (GAD–7) and the 'Patient Health Questionnaire-8' (PHQ-8).

Area of assessment
anxiety, Depresssion, Mental health.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Kliem, S. 2016 16 - 93 Both Syrian refugees Germany
 864

Acronym
UDI-6

Description
A measure used to assess the degree to which symptoms associated with incontinence are troubling.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Quality of life, Satisfaction/patient experience.

Condition
Urogenital, Women's health.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
El-Azab, A. S. 2009 Female urinary incontinence Egypt
 204
Ghroubi, S. 2020 Female urinary incontinence Tunisia
 Free

Acronym
PCL-C

Description
The PCL is a standardized self-report rating scale for PTSD comprising 17 items that correspond to the key symptoms of PTSD. Two versions of the PCL exist: 1) PCL-M is specific to PTSD caused by military experiences and 2) PCL-C is applied generally to any traumatic event. The PCL can be easily modified to fit specific time frames or events. For example, instead of asking about “the past month,” questions may ask about “the past week” or be modified to focus on events specific to a deployment.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Mental health.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Alhalal, E. 2017 Female Women who had experienced intimate partner violenc Saudi Arabia
 299

Acronym
DASS-21

Description
The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21) is a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Depresssion, Mental health.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Ali, A. M. 2017 19 - 60 Both Illicit drug users Egypt
 149
Ali, A. M. 2019 19 - 60 Both patients Egypt
 149

Acronym
K10

Description
A global measure of distress based on questions about anxiety and depressive symptoms that a person has experienced in the most recent 4 week period. Used to assess psychological distress among general and clinical populations from different cultural backgrounds.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Depresssion, Mental health.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Easton, S. D. 2017 Both Social workers Palestine
 234

Acronym
DFS

Description
A measure of diabetes fatalism (perceptions of despair, hopelessness, and powerlessness) . It consists of 12 items conceptualized in three subscales: 1) emotional distress (despair); 2) religious and spiritual coping (hopelessness); and 3) perceived self-efficacy (powerlessness)

Area of assessment
anxiety, Beliefs, Mental health, Perception.

Condition
Metabolic /endocrine, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Sukkarieh, H.O. 2018 Both patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for more than one year, on oral hypoglycemic pills, no psychiatric illness, and ability to read and write Arabic. Lebanon
 274


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Articles last updated: December 2020