Acronym

CL-FODS

Description

The Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale (CL-FODS) is used in assessing attitudes toward death and the process of dying for both oneself and others. It is organised into four separate subscales: Fear of Death of Self, Fear of Dying of Self, Fear of Death of Others, and Fear of Dying of Others. The first version of the CL-FODS (Collett & Lester, 1969) contained 36 items, with a different number of items for each of the subscales (9, 10, 6, and 11 items, respectively). Later, Lester (1990, 1994) presented a revised version in which all the subscales had 8 items. In a more recent study, Lester and Abdel-Khalek (2003) have undertaken a correction of the scale by eliminating a clearly deviate item on the ‘‘Death of Others’’ subscale that reduced the reliability of the scale. They also eliminated an item with a lower item-total correlation on each of the other three subscales in order for all of them to have 7 items each.

Area of assessment

Beliefs, Mental health, anxiety.

Condition

Psychiatric.

Age Group

Other

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

AOCS

Description

The Arabic Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Abdel-Khalek, 1998) was developed and validated in the opposite direction, that is, it was constructed in Arabic and, subsequently, several cycles of translation and back-translation of the scale items gave rise to an equivalent English version. Its final form includes 32 yes/no statements

Area of assessment

Mental health.

Condition

Psychiatric.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

PAID

Description

First created and validated in the 1990s to measure and assess diabetes related burden in adults with diabetes. A brief self-report scale that evaluates diabetes-related emotional distress. PAID is a self-administered 20-item scale. Each item is scored from 0 (not a problem) to 4 (serious problem). The sum of all item scores multiplied by 1.25 gives the total PAID score, which ranges from 0 to 100, higher scores reflecting greater emotional distress. A score of 40 or above is indicative of severe emotional distress (Hermanns et al,2006)

Area of assessment

Mental health, Quality of life.

Condition

Metabolic /endocrine.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

GHQ-28

Description

The General Health Questionnaire-28 is a self-administered screening device for identifying minor psychiatric disorders in the general population and within community or non-psychiatric clinical settings. Suitable ages from adolescent and above – not suitable for children, It assesses the respondent’s current state and asks if that differs from his or her usual state. It is therefore sensitive to short-term psychiatric disorders but not to long-standing attributes of the respondent. It focuses on two major areas: The inability to carry out normal functions and the appearance of new and distressing phenomena.

Area of assessment

Mental health.

Condition

Psychiatric.

Age Group

Other

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

HPLP

Description

A measurement for likelihood of individuals to engage in health promoting behaviors. Includes six dimensions: Self-Actualization, Health Responsibility, Exercise, Nutrition, Interpersonal Support, and Stress Management. This is the original version developed in 1978 (Walker S, Richert Sechrist K, J. Pender N.).

Area of assessment

Activities of daily living, Behavior, Function/disability/performance, General health, Knowledge/attitude, Mental health, Nutrition, Physical activity, Social.

Condition

Community, Health.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

GHQ-12

Description

The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) is a screening device for identifying minor psychiatric disorders in the general population and within community or non-psychiatric clinical settings such as primary care or general medical out-patients. Suitable for all ages from adolescent upwards – not children, it assesses the respondent’s current state and asks if that differs from his or her usual state. It is therefore sensitive to short-term psychiatric disorders but not to long-standing attributes of the respondent. The self-administered questionnaire focuses on two major areas: The inability to carry out normal functions The appearance of new and distressing phenomena. This version of the GHQ is very quick to administer and score as it contains only 12 questions. It has comparable psychometric properties to the longer versions even though it only takes around two minutes to complete. Given its speed of administration, it is often used in research studies where it is impractical to administer a longer form. The GHQ-12 was prepared by removing the items endorsed by ‘physically ill’ respondents from the GHQ-60. Items were then divided into those in which agreement indicated either health or illness. Within each group, items were selected which had the highest slopes in the original item analysis. The GHQ-12 yields only an overall total score.

Area of assessment

Mental health.

Condition

Psychiatric, Community.

Age Group

Other

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

OQ-45

Description

The OQ®-45.2 is a self-report Outcome Measure designed for repeated measurement of client progress while in therapy and following termination. The OQ®-45.2 measures three subscales: 1. Symptom Distress (depression and anxiety) 2 Interpersonal Relationships (loneliness, conflict with others and marriage and family difficulties) 3 Social Role (difficulties in the workplace, school or home duties Features of OQ-45: Risk assessment: The OQ®-45.2 contains risk assessment items for suicide potential, substance abuse, and potential violence at work. Standardized data: The OQ®-45.2 is a standardized instrument with empirical support. It is based on normative data. Content that assesses functional level and change over time: The OQ®-45.2 measures functioning in 3 domains: Symptom distress (heavily loaded for depression and anxiety), Interpersonal functioning, and Social Role. It enables the clinician to assess functional level and change over time.

Area of assessment

anxiety, Depresssion, Function/disability/performance, Mental health, Social.

Condition

Health, Psychiatric.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

10/66 DRG diagnostic assessment for dementia

Description

An integrated one-phase dementia diagnostic battery comprising 1) a cognitive test battery; the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI-D)18 and the Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) animal naming test and modified 10 world list learning, 2) a structured clinical interview; the Geriatric Mental State (GMS), which applies a computerized algorithm (AGECAT) to identify organic brain syndrome (dementia), schizophrenia, neurotic and psychotic depression, and anxiety neuroses, 3) the CSI-D informant interview. The 10/66 DRG assessment was designed to diagnose people with dementia living in the community, where the informant is typically a non-medical relative or a friend.

Area of assessment

Mental health.

Condition

Geriatric, Psychiatric.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

IQCODE 16

Description

A brief screening assessment for dementia based on an interview with an informant, usually a family caregiver. A screening tool for dementia in community and clinical settings. The informant rates the changes in cognitive functioning of the participant over the time period of 1 year or more. Each question of the IQCODE is rated on a 5-point scale from 1 (‘much improved’) to 5 (‘much worse’), with 3 representing ‘no change’. The sum of scores is averaged over the 16 items to give a score of 1–5.

Area of assessment

Cognitive function, Mental health, Symptoms.

Condition

Geriatric, Psychiatric.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

CDI

Description

Instrument for assessing the presence and severity of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents (age 7-17).Has been used as a quick screening tool for depressive symptoms in clinical and general populations.There are 27 items quantifying symptoms such as depressed mood, hedonic capacity, vegetative functions, self-evaluation, and interpersonal behaviors. Each item consists of three statements graded in order of increasing severity from 0 to 2; children and adolescents select the one that characterized their symptoms best during the past 2 weeks. The item scores are combined into a total depression score, which ranges from 0 to 54. A higher CDI score means a higher depressive state.

Area of assessment

Depresssion, Mental health.

Condition

Pediatric, Psychiatric.

Age Group

Child/adolescent- 0-19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

ASAS HI

Description

A unidimensional questionnaire measuring health and impairment in functioning in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). The self-reprt questionnaire measures functioning and health across 17 aspects of health ; contains items addressing categories of pain, emotional functions, sleep, sexual function, mobility, self care, and community life. Developed under the auspices of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society.

Area of assessment

Activities of daily living, Function/disability/performance, General health, Mental health, Pain, Symptoms.

Condition

Orthopedic /rheumatology, Rehabilitation.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

PSS

Description

A measure of the degree to which situations in one’s life are appraised as stressful. Items explore how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives. Designed for use in community samples with at least a junior high school education.

Area of assessment

anxiety, Mental health.

Condition

Psychiatric.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

BAS-G

Description

The BAS-G is a global assessment which reflects the effect of Ankylosing Spondylitis on patients' well-being over a particular period of time. It consists of two questions which ask patients’ to indicate, on a 10cm VAS the effect the disease has had on their well-being over the last week last six months.

Area of assessment

General health, Mental health, Quality of life.

Condition

Orthopedic /rheumatology.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

JOABPEQ

Description

A self-administered, disease-specific measure developed with reference to the Japanese editions of SF-36, and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) to assess health-related quality of life. Items were categorized into five factors. The factors were named based on the commonality of the items: social function, mental health, lumbar function, walking ability, and low back pain.

Area of assessment

Function/disability/performance, Pain, Activities of daily living, Mental health, Quality of life, Social.

Condition

Orthopedic /rheumatology, Rehabilitation.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

KMI

Description

Instrument assesses one of the psychosocial stressor of social isolation; marginality, the distance from the centre of decision making, . The concept of marginality describes the social margins that bring about social isolation as well as the psychological isolation of individuals. It consisted of five items; each scored on a five-point Likert scale and calculated as the sum of the items, except with one reverse scored (Item 4). The overall score range is from 5 to 25. The scale typically takes less than 1 min to complete.

Area of assessment

Mental health, Social.

Condition

Health.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

LEQ

Description

The LEQ is an 82-item inventory-type questionnaire in which subjects mark the life events or changes which have occurred during the past year; indicate whether the event was considered “good” or “bad”; and rate the impact of the event on a 4-point scale.

Area of assessment

Mental health.

Condition

Health.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

SAI-E

Description

The Schedule for the Assessment of Insight-Expanded Version (SAI-E) consists of 11 items that encompass: awareness of having a mental illness, ability to rename psychotic phenomena as abnormal, and compliance with treatment.

Area of assessment

Mental health.

Condition

Psychiatric.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

SCS

Description

The SCS scale includes two subscales, namely, religious and nonreligious coping strategies. The religious coping strategies subscale assesses the individual’s attitudes toward religion and belief in God, which can lend credence to finding meaning and purpose in life. The nonreligious coping strategies measure the humanistic coping strategies. These strategies enable individuals to connect with their inner selves, acknowledge their strengths, find peace despite adversity, and achieve social support, which can provide the ability to go beyond oneself through self-transcendence (Baldacchino & Buhagiar, 2003).

Area of assessment

Beliefs, Knowledge/attitude, Mental health, Quality of life, Spirituality / religion.

Condition

Psychiatric.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

TCI

Description

An inventory for personality traits devised by Cloninger et al.. It is closely related to and an outgrowth of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), and it has also been related to the dimensions of personality in Zuckerman's alternative five and Eysenck's models[2] and those of the five factor model. TCI operates with seven dimensions of personality traits: four so-called temperaments Novelty Seeking (NS) Harm Avoidance (HA) Reward Dependence (RD) Persistence (PS) and three so-called characters Self-Directedness (SD) Cooperativeness (CO) Self-Transcendence (ST) Each of these traits has a varying number of subscales. The dimensions are determined from a 240-item questionnaire. The TCI is based on a psychobiological model that attempts to explain the underlying causes of individual differences in personality traits. (Wikipedia,2018)

Area of assessment

Behavior, Beliefs, Function/disability/performance, Knowledge/attitude, Mental health, Perception.

Condition

Psychiatric.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure

Acronym

TSK

Description

Measure of kinesiophobia (fear of movement) . Initially used to measure fear of movement related to chronic low back pain, Now also used for pain related to different body parts including the cervical spine. The TSK is a self-completed questionnaire.

Area of assessment

Behavior, Beliefs, Function/disability/performance, Mental health, Pain, Perception.

Condition

Orthopedic /rheumatology, Rehabilitation.

Age Group

Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure