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Acronym
CL-FODS

Description
The Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale (CL-FODS) is used in assessing attitudes toward death and the process of dying for both oneself and others. It is organised into four separate subscales: Fear of Death of Self, Fear of Dying of Self, Fear of Death of Others, and Fear of Dying of Others. The first version of the CL-FODS (Collett & Lester, 1969) contained 36 items, with a different number of items for each of the subscales (9, 10, 6, and 11 items, respectively). Later, Lester (1990, 1994) presented a revised version in which all the subscales had 8 items. In a more recent study, Lester and Abdel-Khalek (2003) have undertaken a correction of the scale by eliminating a clearly deviate item on the ‘‘Death of Others’’ subscale that reduced the reliability of the scale. They also eliminated an item with a lower item-total correlation on each of the other three subscales in order for all of them to have 7 items each.

Area of assessment
Beliefs, Mental health, anxiety.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Other

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 2004 Female Undergraduates Kuwait
 209

Acronym
AOCS

Description
The Arabic Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Abdel-Khalek, 1998) was developed and validated in the opposite direction, that is, it was constructed in Arabic and, subsequently, several cycles of translation and back-translation of the scale items gave rise to an equivalent English version. Its final form includes 32 yes/no statements

Area of assessment
Mental health.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 2002 Female healthy Kuwait
United States
 160 Contact Author
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 2002 Both Undergraduate students Kuwait
United States
 160
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 2000 Both healthy United States
Kuwait
 209
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 1999 Both healthy Kuwait
 159

Acronym
GHQ-28

Description
The General Health Questionnaire-28 is a self-administered screening device for identifying minor psychiatric disorders in the general population and within community or non-psychiatric clinical settings. Suitable ages from adolescent and above – not suitable for children, It assesses the respondent’s current state and asks if that differs from his or her usual state. It is therefore sensitive to short-term psychiatric disorders but not to long-standing attributes of the respondent. It focuses on two major areas: The inability to carry out normal functions and the appearance of new and distressing phenomena.

Area of assessment
Mental health.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Other

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Alhamad, A. 1998 14 - 70 Both primary care clinic patients Saudi Arabia
 60 Contact Author

Acronym
D-Lit

Description
Assesses mental health literacy specific to depression by assessing the respondents' knowledge about depression. There are 22 statements for which respondents select what they believed to be the correct response from three possible choices (true, false, or I don't know).

Area of assessment
Depresssion, Health literacy.

Condition
Health, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Child/adolescent- 0-19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Khan, A. N. 2016 adolescents Both Students Saudi Arabia
 120 Free

Acronym
GHQ-12

Description
The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) is a screening device for identifying minor psychiatric disorders in the general population and within community or non-psychiatric clinical settings such as primary care or general medical out-patients. Suitable for all ages from adolescent upwards – not children, it assesses the respondent’s current state and asks if that differs from his or her usual state. It is therefore sensitive to short-term psychiatric disorders but not to long-standing attributes of the respondent. The self-administered questionnaire focuses on two major areas: The inability to carry out normal functions The appearance of new and distressing phenomena. This version of the GHQ is very quick to administer and score as it contains only 12 questions. It has comparable psychometric properties to the longer versions even though it only takes around two minutes to complete. Given its speed of administration, it is often used in research studies where it is impractical to administer a longer form. The GHQ-12 was prepared by removing the items endorsed by ‘physically ill’ respondents from the GHQ-60. Items were then divided into those in which agreement indicated either health or illness. Within each group, items were selected which had the highest slopes in the original item analysis. The GHQ-12 yields only an overall total score.

Area of assessment
Mental health.

Condition
Psychiatric, Community.

Age Group
Other

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
El-Rufaie,O. E. 1997 Both primary health care patients United Arab Emirates
 157 Contact Author
El-Rufaie,O. E. 1996 Both primary health care patients United Arab Emirates
 157 Free
Daradkeh, T. K. 2011 healthy 157
El-Rufaie,O. E. 1999 20 - 75 Both non-hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic United Arab Emirates
 71 Free

Acronym
OQ-45

Description
The OQ®-45.2 is a self-report Outcome Measure designed for repeated measurement of client progress while in therapy and following termination. The OQ®-45.2 measures three subscales: 1. Symptom Distress (depression and anxiety) 2 Interpersonal Relationships (loneliness, conflict with others and marriage and family difficulties) 3 Social Role (difficulties in the workplace, school or home duties Features of OQ-45: Risk assessment: The OQ®-45.2 contains risk assessment items for suicide potential, substance abuse, and potential violence at work. Standardized data: The OQ®-45.2 is a standardized instrument with empirical support. It is based on normative data. Content that assesses functional level and change over time: The OQ®-45.2 measures functioning in 3 domains: Symptom distress (heavily loaded for depression and anxiety), Interpersonal functioning, and Social Role. It enables the clinician to assess functional level and change over time.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Depresssion, Function/disability/performance, Mental health, Social.

Condition
Health, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Gross, R. 2015 18 - older Both non patient university student, university mental health clinic patients , and outpatient mental health clinic patients Israel
 69

Acronym
10/66 DRG diagnostic assessment for dementia

Description
An integrated one-phase dementia diagnostic battery comprising 1) a cognitive test battery; the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI-D)18 and the Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) animal naming test and modified 10 world list learning, 2) a structured clinical interview; the Geriatric Mental State (GMS), which applies a computerized algorithm (AGECAT) to identify organic brain syndrome (dementia), schizophrenia, neurotic and psychotic depression, and anxiety neuroses, 3) the CSI-D informant interview. The 10/66 DRG assessment was designed to diagnose people with dementia living in the community, where the informant is typically a non-medical relative or a friend.

Area of assessment
Mental health.

Condition
Geriatric, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Phung,K. T. 2012 65 - older Both mild to moderate dementia and controls Lebanon
 50
Phung,K. T. 2014 over 65 Both normal cognition, mild to moderate dementia. Lebanon
 244

Acronym
IQCODE 16

Description
A brief screening assessment for dementia based on an interview with an informant, usually a family caregiver. A screening tool for dementia in community and clinical settings. The informant rates the changes in cognitive functioning of the participant over the time period of 1 year or more. Each question of the IQCODE is rated on a 5-point scale from 1 (‘much improved’) to 5 (‘much worse’), with 3 representing ‘no change’. The sum of scores is averaged over the 16 items to give a score of 1–5.

Area of assessment
Cognitive function, Mental health, Symptoms.

Condition
Geriatric, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Phung,K. T. 2015 65 - above Both normal cognition and mild-to-moderate dementia according to the DSM-IV criteria, and their informants Lebanon
 236

Acronym
CDI

Description
Instrument for assessing the presence and severity of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents (age 7-17).Has been used as a quick screening tool for depressive symptoms in clinical and general populations.There are 27 items quantifying symptoms such as depressed mood, hedonic capacity, vegetative functions, self-evaluation, and interpersonal behaviors. Each item consists of three statements graded in order of increasing severity from 0 to 2; children and adolescents select the one that characterized their symptoms best during the past 2 weeks. The item scores are combined into a total depression score, which ranges from 0 to 54. A higher CDI score means a higher depressive state.

Area of assessment
Depresssion, Mental health.

Condition
Pediatric, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Child/adolescent- 0-19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 1998 14 - 18 Both school students Kuwait
 109
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 1993 11 - 15 Both Arabic children Egypt
 2558

Acronym
CDRS-R

Description
A rating scale for assessing severity of depression and change in depressive symptoms for clinical research trials in children and adolescents with depression. The CDRS-R, which was based on the adult Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, was originally developed as a rating scale for children aged 6–12 years. It is a 17-item scale, with items ranging from 1 to 5 or 1 to 7 (possible total score from 17 to 113), rated by a clinician via interviews with the child and parent. A score of ≥40 is indicative of depression, whereas a score ≤28 is often used to define remission (minimal or no symptoms).

Area of assessment
Depresssion, Mental health.

Condition
Pediatric, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Child/adolescent- 0-19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Hariz, N. 2012 12 - 18 Both Major Depressive Disorder and healthy 39 Contact Author

Acronym
PSS

Description
A measure of the degree to which situations in one’s life are appraised as stressful. Items explore how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives. Designed for use in community samples with at least a junior high school education.

Area of assessment
anxiety, Mental health.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Chaaya, M. 2010 Female women in their third trimester of pregnancy, postpartum period and healthy female university students. Qatar
 268
Ben Loubir, D 2014 18 - older Both university students Morocco
 1099
Roof, K. A. 2019 19 - 46 Female pregnant women Qatar
 667

Acronym
DUDIT

Description
A tool for identification of individuals with drug-related problems developed as a parallel instrument to the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) .The purpose of the DUDIT-items is to identify use patterns and various drug-related problems

Area of assessment
Abuse, Addiction, Screening/risk, Mental health.

Condition
Medication, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Sfendla, A. 2017 19 - 56
15 - 92
17 		Male
Male
Male 		substance dependent patients from medical and psychological prevention center
prison inmates
high school 		Morocco
Morocco
Morocco
 54
169
96

Acronym
SAI-E

Description
The Schedule for the Assessment of Insight-Expanded Version (SAI-E) consists of 11 items that encompass: awareness of having a mental illness, ability to rename psychotic phenomena as abnormal, and compliance with treatment.

Area of assessment
Mental health.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Nakhli, J. 2014 40.3 ± 12.6 Both schizophrenia Tunisia
 150

Acronym
SCS

Description
The SCS scale includes two subscales, namely, religious and nonreligious coping strategies. The religious coping strategies subscale assesses the individual’s attitudes toward religion and belief in God, which can lend credence to finding meaning and purpose in life. The nonreligious coping strategies measure the humanistic coping strategies. These strategies enable individuals to connect with their inner selves, acknowledge their strengths, find peace despite adversity, and achieve social support, which can provide the ability to go beyond oneself through self-transcendence (Baldacchino & Buhagiar, 2003).

Area of assessment
Beliefs, Knowledge/attitude, Mental health, Quality of life, Spirituality / religion.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Cruz, J. P. 2016 mean age 56.63 15.24 years Both patients undergoing haemodialysis Saudi Arabia
 60
Cruz, J. P. 2017 18 and above Both healthy Saudi Arabia
 100

Acronym
TCI

Description
An inventory for personality traits devised by Cloninger et al.. It is closely related to and an outgrowth of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), and it has also been related to the dimensions of personality in Zuckerman's alternative five and Eysenck's models[2] and those of the five factor model. TCI operates with seven dimensions of personality traits: four so-called temperaments Novelty Seeking (NS) Harm Avoidance (HA) Reward Dependence (RD) Persistence (PS) and three so-called characters Self-Directedness (SD) Cooperativeness (CO) Self-Transcendence (ST) Each of these traits has a varying number of subscales. The dimensions are determined from a 240-item questionnaire. The TCI is based on a psychobiological model that attempts to explain the underlying causes of individual differences in personality traits. (Wikipedia,2018)

Area of assessment
Behavior, Beliefs, Function/disability/performance, Knowledge/attitude, Mental health, Perception.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
El Mahfoudi, I. 2011 21 - 26 Both medical students Morocco
 200 Contact Author

Acronym
SF-36

Description
A patient-reported survey of patient health The original SF-36 came from the Medical Outcome Study, MOS, done by the RAND Corporation. It consists of eight sections : vitality,physical functioning,bodily pain,general health,perceptions,physical role functioning, emotional role functioning, social role functioning,mental health.

Area of assessment
Function/disability/performance, Mental health, Quality of life.

Condition
Cardiovascular, Gastroenterology, Geriatric, Gynecology, Health, Hematology, Infectious disease, Intensive Care, Metabolic /endocrine, Neurology, Obstetric, Oncology, Orthopedic /rheumatology, Palliative, Psychiatric, Pulmonary, Rehabilitation, Renal, Urogenital, Women's health.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Alragum, S. N. 2008 55 - over Both Diabetes , healthy Kuwait
 240 Free
Khoudri, I. 2007 18 - older Both ICU patients 3 months after discharge Morocco
 145 Free
Mukhaimer, A. J. 2010 18 - 64 Female Not available Bahrain
 258 Free
Guermazi, M. 2012 healthy Tunisia
 130 Free
Khader, S. 2011 18 - more Both Healthy Jordan
 511 Free
Coons, S. J. 1998 19 - 59 Both healthy Saudi Arabia
 415
Sabbah, I 2003 14 - 60 and plus Both healthy people Lebanon
 524
Hoopman, R 2009 18 - 79 Both healthy people Netherlands
 10414
El Osta, N. 2019 60 years and more Both elderly people Lebanon
 250 Free

Acronym
AUDIT

Description
The AUDIT was developed as a simple method of screening for excessive drinking and to assist in brief assessment. It can help identify excessive drinking as the cause of the presenting illness. It provides a framework for intervention to help risky drinkers reduce or cease alcohol consumption and thereby avoid the harmful consequences of their drinking. The AUDIT also helps to identify alcohol dependence and some specific consequences of harmful drinking.

Area of assessment
Abuse, Addiction, Mental health.

Condition
Community, Health, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
AlMarri, T. S. 2009 19 - 62 Male muslim prisoners United Arab Emirates
 107
Jennifer Hallit, 2020 15.42 ± 1.14 Both Lebanese adolescents Lebanon
 1810

Acronym
ASDA

Description
Assessment of death anxiety or fear of death.

Area of assessment
anxiety.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Adult- over 19 years

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 2004 17 - 33 Female healthy Egypt
Kuwait
Syrian Arab Republic
 1636

Acronym
ASI

Description
Scale to measure insomnia. Participants are requested to respond to each item on a 5 point scale as follows: 0: No, 1: A little, 2: Moderate, 3: Much, and 4: Very much. They were instructed to answer the ASI items according to their subjective evaluation, on the basis of their perceived severity during the past month. The total score can range from O to 48, and a high score denotes high insomnia.

Area of assessment
Sleep/insomnia.

Condition
Health, Psychiatric.

Age Group
Other

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 2008 Non-clinical secondary school students, college students, employees Kuwait
 8501

Acronym
ASMH

Description
A generic screening measure and research tool for mental health for adults and adolescents. It has 40 brief statements plus 10 filler items. with six components labeled: satisfaction, self-confidence, optimism, enjoyment, meaningful life, and stability.

Area of assessment
Mental health.

Condition
Psychiatric.

Age Group
Other

Literature on Arabic translation/validation of measure
Author/link to article Publication year Population Sample Size Access to measure
Age Gender Condition Country
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 2012 19 - 32 Both college students Kuwait
 468
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 2012 18 - 32 Both college students Kuwait
 321
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. 2011 15 - 71 Both healthy Kuwait
 3619


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Articles last updated: December 2020